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In contrast to Western Europe, in Central and Eastern Europe reports show higher rates of advanced melanoma and lower survival. Our aim was to document and compare melanoma risk factors and skin health behaviour in patients diagno...
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In contrast to Western Europe, in Central and Eastern Europe reports show higher rates of advanced melanoma and lower survival. Our aim was to document and compare melanoma risk factors and skin health behaviour in patients diagnosed with melanoma and people not affected by this disease in a large medical university centre from Romania (Cluj-Napoca). Two hundred and forty-seven melanoma patients followed-up in the Department of Dermatology at the Cluj-Napoca Emergency County Hospital and 956 people not affected by melanoma completed a paper-based questionnaire regarding melanoma risk factors, risk behaviour and self-protecting measures, after giving informed consent. People with melanoma had significantly higher personal risk and protective behaviour, and lower risk behaviour than those not affected. Although our data suggest that melanoma patients are better educated about how to avoid a second primary melanoma, our results are concerning when compared with studies from other countries. The low incidence of self and clinical skin-examination together with the relatively low percentage of participants which would consult a doctor in the case of new/changing mole could be one of the explanations for the late diagnosis of melanoma in the studied population. According to our findings, there is an urgent need for population health campaigns regarding not only primary but also secondary melanoma prevention.
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Canine aggression is a widespread problem which receives a lot of attention from the media. It has important consequences in terms of public health and animal welfare. To address this issue it is necessary to first determine its e...
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Canine aggression is a widespread problem which receives a lot of attention from the media. It has important consequences in terms of public health and animal welfare. To address this issue it is necessary to first determine its epidemiological characteristics in the target population. This study was aimed at exploring the characteristics and determining the risk factors for dog aggression in the Slovak Republic and, in particular, for aggression directed at humans. For this purpose, we used a questionnaire directed to dog owners which included information about dog and owner characteristics, housing, training and fear behaviour. From the 177 analysed questionnaires, 67% portrayed dogs with some type of aggressive behaviour. Half of the animals showed some degree of owner-directed aggression and almost 40% were aggressive towards unfamiliar people. The approach of an unfamiliar male was the situation that stimulated most dogs to behave aggressively (33.3%) and a small percentage (2.3%) of the animals always showed aggression when approached by an unfamiliar child. Multivariate logistic regression models found that "owner's age" (OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.93 - 0.99) and "neuter status" (OR, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.13-0.98) were significantly associated (P < 0.05) with the exhibiting of aggressive behaviour in different contexts. "Dog's sex" (OR, 2.16; 95% CI, 1.09-4.27) and "type of training" (OR, 2.32; 95% CI, 1.19-4.80) were significantly associated (P < 0.05) with the exhibiting of aggressive behaviour towards familiar people. Younger owners were more likely to have aggressive dogs and neutered dogs were less likely to be aggressive in different contexts. Male dogs and dogs with informal training were more likely to be aggressive towards familiar people. Manifestations of fear were significantly associated with the expression of aggressive behaviour in all models. This study provides the first preliminary results on the characteristics and potential risk factors for human-directed aggression in Slovakia. The analysis of these data may help in determining which preventive measures should be given priority in this country.
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Abstract Objectives The aim of this study was to assess social inequalities in overall mortality in a representative sample of the Italian population, and to evaluate the contribution of behavioural and metabolic risk (BMF) factor...
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Abstract Objectives The aim of this study was to assess social inequalities in overall mortality in a representative sample of the Italian population, and to evaluate the contribution of behavioural and metabolic risk (BMF) factors to these inequalities. Methods 85,308 participants aged 25–74?years from the Italian Longitudinal Study were included in the study population and followed up for mortality (1999–2012). Level of education was used as a proxy for socioeconomic status. The contribution of BMF was estimated assessing the attenuation of the risk by education produced by the inclusion of BMF in regression model. Results Men with the lowest education had 62% and women had 57% greater risk of dying than those with the highest education. Among men, adjustment for BMF produced an attenuation of the mortality risk between extreme classes of education by 22%, while among women the risk attenuation was 7%. Conclusions Large educational differences in mortality were observed for both men and women. BMF reduced by approximately 20% differences in mortality relative risk between extreme classes of education in men. In contrast, a very low contribution was observed in women.
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Background and objective: Type 2 diabetes and depression often appear together. Although health behaviour and risk factors partially explain this association, other potential mechanisms have yet to be elucidated. Methods: Explorat...
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Background and objective: Type 2 diabetes and depression often appear together. Although health behaviour and risk factors partially explain this association, other potential mechanisms have yet to be elucidated. Methods: Explorative literature research for reviews on the topic in PubMed. Additional key-word guided research for studies in PubMed and Cochrane Library employing the keywords diabetes AND depression in combination with identified relevant single aspects (MeSH-terms) for certain neuroendocrine alterations, neuropathological und neurobiochemestric changes as well as the role of antidepressants. Results: There are no satisfying explanatory models for the complex interaction of both diseases concerning behavioural factors and pathophysiological changes. Currently there are only many single aspects of shared or interacting pathophysiology or behaviour conspicuity. Conclusion: The objective of this review is to summarize these aspects and their contributions to the interacting pathophysiology of the two diseases.
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Objective. There is a growing body of literature examining the clustering of health risk behaviours, but little consensus about which risk factors can be expected to cluster for which sub groups of people. This systematic review a...
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Objective. There is a growing body of literature examining the clustering of health risk behaviours, but little consensus about which risk factors can be expected to cluster for which sub groups of people. This systematic review aimed to examine the international literature on the clustering of smoking, poor nutrition, excess alcohol and physical inactivity (SNAP) health behaviours among adults, including associated socio-demographic variables.
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The concept of Offence Paralleling Behaviours (OPBs) has attracted attention within the forensic psychological risk assessment field given its focus on understanding the relevance of current behaviours. The current study employed ...
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The concept of Offence Paralleling Behaviours (OPBs) has attracted attention within the forensic psychological risk assessment field given its focus on understanding the relevance of current behaviours. The current study employed thematic analysis on the data produced from two focus groups of prison officers working in an English high security prison. The focus groups explored whether potential OPBs are being observed in prisoner behaviours, and the reasons why some potential OPBs may not be reported. A variety of possible OPB observations emerged from the data, many of which resemble the kinds of manifestations that would be expected to derive from empirically established risk factors. The results suggest that prison officers should be considered an untapped resource by those seeking to complete meaningful forensic psychological risk assessments on offenders. Researchers and risk assessors should acknowledge and seek to 'tap' this important resource to attend to current manifestations of risk, but should be aware that in doing so, the stability of officer-inmate relationships may be disrupted.
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The characteristics of pronghorn (Antilocapra americana), mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), and elk (Cervus elaphus) mortalities associated with wire fences along roads in Colorado and Utah, USA between June 2004 and June 2005 were...
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The characteristics of pronghorn (Antilocapra americana), mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), and elk (Cervus elaphus) mortalities associated with wire fences along roads in Colorado and Utah, USA between June 2004 and June 2005 were analysed. Results estimated an average annual mortality occurrence of 0.25 mortalities/km for the wire fences studied (0.08 mule deer mortalities/km, 0.11 pronghorn mortalities/km and 0.06 elk mortalities/km) or 0.5 mortalities/km of road. The highest wire fence-mortality rates in the area occurred during August which coincided with weaning of fawns. Mule deer and pronghorn jumped fences in >81% of observed crossings. Mortalities were largely caused by animals getting caught between the top 2 wires. Mule deer experienced higher fence-mortality rates than elk or pronghorn because they crossed fences more frequently (P<0.001) and spent more time in road right-of-ways (P<0.001) than the other species. Juveniles were eight times more likely to die in fences than adults. Woven-wire fences topped with a single strand of barbed wire were more lethal to ungulates than woven wire with 2 strands of barbed wire above it or 4-strand barbed-wire fences (P<0.01). There was a direct relationship between the frequency of fence mortalities and ungulate abundance (r2=0.83). Traffic volumes were inversely related to fence-mortality frequencies (r2=0.50) and ungulate densities along the right-of-way (r2=0.50)..
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The perception of cardiovascular risk factors is believed to be associated with a person's willingness to carry out lifestyle changes as well as their willingness to adhere to prescribed preventive medications. Little is known abo...
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The perception of cardiovascular risk factors is believed to be associated with a person's willingness to carry out lifestyle changes as well as their willingness to adhere to prescribed preventive medications. Little is known about whether these perceptions differ between statin users and those not using statins, including how these factors relate to health behaviours.
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Background The perception of cardiovascular risk factors is believed to be associated with a person's willingness to carry out lifestyle changes as well as their willingness to adhere to prescribed preventive medications. Little i...
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Background The perception of cardiovascular risk factors is believed to be associated with a person's willingness to carry out lifestyle changes as well as their willingness to adhere to prescribed preventive medications. Little is known about whether these perceptions differ between statin users and those not using statins, including how these factors relate to health behaviours. Purpose The objective was to investigate and compare the perceptions of known modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease in patients using statins with those of a non-treated population. One further objective was to investigate if statin use was associated with favourable health behaviours. Method Data about health, perception of the importance of cardiovascular risk factors and health behaviours were collected through questionnaires from 829 statin users and 629 non-statin users. Beliefs about risk factors were compared in univariate analyses, and four health behaviours were compared in multivariate regression models. Results Statin users had better health behaviours in univariate analyses compared to non-statin users. Statin users rated lifestyle-related risk factors as more important contributors for the development of cardiovascular disease than non-statin users. In a multivariate model, statin use was associated with having better eating habits. Conclusion People using statins are more concerned about cardiovascular risk factors compared to non-statin users. The behaviour of taking statins seems to be associated with favourable eating habits.
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Background: falls rates in older people continue to rise despite concerted efforts to manage falls risks. As more effective strategies to reduce falls in older people may arise from better understanding their perspectives on falls...
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Background: falls rates in older people continue to rise despite concerted efforts to manage falls risks. As more effective strategies to reduce falls in older people may arise from better understanding their perspectives on falls risk, this study aimed to explore perceptions and behavioural decisions that may affect risk of falling among older people living in regional Australia.
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